马尼拉海沟增生楔北部海域天然气水合物成藏机制及其潜在地质灾害风险

鞠东; 高红芳; 李学杰

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024004

马尼拉海沟增生楔北部海域天然气水合物成藏机制及其潜在地质灾害风险

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024004

鞠东^{1, 2,},
高红芳^{1, 2, ,},
李学杰^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局，广东广州 511458
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广东广州 511458

基金项目: NSFC−广东省联合基金重点项目（U1901214）；海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目（420QN376）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20221712，DD20221696）。

详细信息

作者简介:
鞠东（1986—），男，黑龙江省双鸭山市人，工程师，主要从事海洋区域地质和海域沉积矿产研究。E-mail：clickjd@163.com

通讯作者:
高红芳（1971—），女，博士，教授级高工，主要从事海洋区域地质和沉积盆地分析研究，E-mail：promap@163.com

中图分类号: P744.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-19
- 修回日期: 2023-08-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-15

Mechanism of gas hydrate accumulation and its potential geological hazard risk in the northern accretionary wedge of Manila Trench

Ju Dong^{1, 2
,},
Gao Hongfang^{1, 2
, ,},
Li Xuejie^{1, 2}

1.
Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China

摘要

摘要: 天然气水合物由于其巨大的资源潜力而受到广泛关注，但以往研究多集中在南海北部海域被动陆缘，对南海东部主动陆缘的天然气水合物关注相对较少。本文基于南海东北部马尼拉海沟主动陆缘区多道地震剖面分析，识别出似海底反射、振幅空白带、极性反转等典型天然气水合物识别标志以及逆断层、泥底辟等流体运移通道。台湾西南部造山带是马尼拉海沟增生楔的延伸，其泥火山伴生气以CH₄为主，少部分表现出高氮异常；其地球化学特征表明，该区天然气主要为热解成因的成熟烃类气，且主要是新近纪巨厚海相沉积烃源岩的贡献。分析认为，其成因是板块俯冲运动将深部烃类物质带入增生楔内，并形成高压环境，热成因烃类气体沿着泥底辟和逆断层等通道向上运移，在运移过程中部分天然气被微生物逐步改造，并混合原位生物气。热成因和生物成因甲烷最终在合适的稳定带内混合；形成以热成因为主、部分具有生物成因特征的逆冲推覆控藏混合气源天然气水合物藏。另外，随着外界环境的变化及俯冲运动的持续活动，天然气水合物的稳定条件遭到破坏而发生分解渗漏，可能引起滑坡，在对本区天然气水合物资源进一步的勘探开发过程中必须注意其潜在地质灾害风险。
- 天然气水合物 /
- 成藏机制 /
- 马尼拉海沟增生楔 /
- 主动陆缘 /
- 南海
Abstract: Natural gas hydrates have received widespread attention due to their enormous resource potential, but previous researches have focused mostly on the passive continental margin in the northern South China Sea, while rarely on the active continental margin in the eastern South China Sea. Based on the analysis of multi-channel seismic profiles in the active continental margin area of the Manila Trench in northeast of the South China Sea, this paper identified typical gas hydrate indicators such as bottom simulating reflector, blanking zone, polarity-reversal, and fluid migration channels, such as reverse fault and mud diapir are identified in this paper. The Orogenic Belt in southwestern Taiwan is an extension of the accretionary wedge of the Manila Trench. The associated gas of mud volcano is mainly CH₄ and minorly showing high nitrogen anomaly. The geochemical characteristics of the associated gas show that natural gas in this area is mainly mature hydrocarbon gas of pyrolysis origin, and is mainly the contribution of Neogene thick marine sedimentary source rock. According to the analysis, the cause is that the plate subduction brought deep hydrocarbon into the accretionary wedge and formed a high-pressure environment. The thermally generated hydrocarbon gas migrated upward along mud diapir and reverse fault. During the migration, some natural gas was gradually transformed by decomposition of microorganisms and mixed with in-situ microbial gas. The thermogenic and biogenic methane eventually mixed in the suitable stable zone to form a mixed gas hydrate reservoir dominated by thermogenic and partly biogenic. In addition, with the change of external environment and the continuous activities of subduction movement, the stability of natural gas hydrate is damaged and decomposition leakage occurs, which may cause landslide. In the further exploration and development of natural gas hydrate resources in this area, we must pay attention to the potential geological disaster risk.
- gas hydrate /
- accumulation mechanism /
- accretive wedge of Manila Trench /
- active continental margin /
- South China Sea

HTML全文

图 1 马尼拉海沟增生楔及多道地震测线位置

Fig. 1 Manila Trench accretionary wedge and location of multichannel seismic line

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图 2 测线a的似海底反射（BSR）特征

Fig. 2 Bottom simulating reflector (BSR) characteristics in survey Line a

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图 3 测线b的逆冲断层与BSR极性反转

Fig. 3 Thrust fault and polarity reversal of BSR in survey Line b

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图 4 测线c的BSR、逆冲断层及滑坡体

Fig. 4 BSR， thrust fault， and landslide in survey Line c

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图 5 测线d的泥底辟反射特征

Fig. 5 Characteristics of mud diapiric reflection in survey Line d

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图 6 中国台湾一些泥火山口照片^[43]（位置见图1）

Fig. 6 Some photos of mud craters in Taiwan Province, China^[43] (Fig. 1 for location)

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图 7 马尼拉海沟增生楔北部海域天然气水合物成藏地质模式

Fig. 7 Geological model of gas hydrate accumulation in the northern accretionary wedge of Manila Trench

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图 8 天然气水合物发生分解导致海底滑塌^[59]

Fig. 8 The breakdown of gas hydrates caused the sea floor to collapse

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图 9 东沙海域地震测线上的天然气水合物滑坡与BSR(红色为断裂，绿色为BSR)^[60]

Fig. 9 Natural gas hydrate landslides and BSR on the seismic survey line in the Dongsha area (red represents is faults, green represents is BSR)

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表 1 台湾西南部泥火山渗漏气体样品的地球化学特征（据文献[42]修改）

Tab. 1 Geochemical characteristics of gas samples from mud volcanoes in southwest Taiwan (modified according to reference [42])

取样地	天然气组分
取样地	CH₄含量/%	N₂含量/%	O₂含量/%	Ar含量/%	CO₂含量/%	C₂H₆含量/%	CH₄*含量/%	N₂*含量/%	Ar*含量/%	CO₂*含量/%
中伦	10.75	4.57	0.2	0.02	83.92	0.55	10.86	3.88	0.01	84.7
关子岭	4.26	4.18	0.99	0.05	90.53	−	4.47	0.55	0.01	94.98
水火同源	92.06	5.55	0.59	0.05	1.76	−	94.71	3.46	0.03	1.81
小滚水	93.99	4.2	0.84	0.05	0.89	0.1	97.91	1.13	0.02	0.93
新养女湖	92.47	3.06	0.67	0.04	1.35	2.4	95.51	0.58	0.02	1.39
乌山顶	97.13	1.88	0.43	0.02	0.49	0.23	99.16	0.28	0.01	0.49
燕巢	95.41	2.92	0.65	0.04	0.99	−	98.44	0.53	0.01	1.02
滚水坪	92.6	2.61	0.6	0.03	3.78	0.38	95.33	0.39	0.01	3.89
恒春出火	83.36	9.83	2.27	0.14	0.33	4.09	93.47	1.55	0.04	0.36
罗山	88.94	9.57	0.92	0.08	0.04	0.47	93.02	6.42	0.04	0.04
注：*为空气校正成分，假设所有的O₂都来自空气污染，气体成分可以相应校正并重新归一化至100%；“−”表示无数据^[50]。

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