Identification and circadian expression patterns of circadian clock gene Tim and its effects on sex hormone secretion in Sinonovacula constricta
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摘要: Tim（Timeless）是继Per基因发现后的第2个核心生物钟基因，在动物繁殖调控中发挥重要作用。为探讨生物钟基因Tim对缢蛏夜间产卵的调控作用，本研究克隆了缢蛏Tim基因的cDNA全长序列并进行序列分析，利用qRT-PCR和免疫荧光技术研究了Tim基因/蛋白在不同组织中的昼夜表达模式，并用siRNA干扰技术初步研究了Tim基因对性激素分泌的影响。结果显示，缢蛏Tim基因开放阅读框序列为3 090 bp，编码1 029个氨基酸，具备3个保守结构域（TIMELESS superfamily、TIMELESS_C和FIil）；Tim基因在缢蛏各个组织中均有表达，其中在肝胰腺、水管、卵巢、精巢中的表达水平较高；Tim基因在卵巢和精巢中呈现昼夜规律性表达，均在白天12:00–18:00较高，夜间00:00–06:00较低；Tim蛋白主要定位在肝胰腺的肝细胞、水管末端的上皮细胞、卵巢的成熟卵母细胞及精巢的精子细胞中，且在卵巢和精巢中的阳性信号均是白天12:00稍强于夜间00:00；siRNA干扰后，Tim基因在精巢、卵巢中的表达量均在干扰后第3～7 天显著下降（P < 0.05），而精巢中睾酮和卵巢中雌二醇含量均在干扰后第1～9 天极显著下降（P < 0.01）。由此可见，Tim基因/蛋白在精巢和卵巢中的表达均呈昼夜规律性变化，并且其被干扰后性激素含量显著降低，推测Tim基因可能通过介导性激素的分泌进而调控缢蛏夜间产卵过程。本研究初步探讨了缢蛏生物钟基因Tim的昼夜表达模式及其对性激素分泌的影响，将对深入解析贝类产卵机制和优化工厂化育苗技术具有重要应用价值。Abstract: Tim (Timeless) is the second core circadian clock gene identified after the discovery of Per, which plays an important role in the regulation of animal reproduction. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of Tim to regulate spawning in Sinonovacula constricta, the cDNA sequence of Tim was cloned and analyzed, the circadian expression patterns of Tim gene/protein in different tissues were analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence technology, and the regulatory effects of Tim on sex hormone secretion were investigated by siRNA technology. The ORF sequence of Tim was 3 090 bp, encoding 1 029 amino acids and containing three conserved domains (TIMELESS superfamily、TIMELESS_C and FIil). Tim was expressed in test tissues, and showed higher expression levels in the hepatopancreas, siphon, ovary and testis. The expression levels of Tim were higher at 12:00–18:00 in the daytime and lower at 00:00–06:00 in the night time, which exhibited circadian rhythmic expression patterns in the ovary and testis. Tim protein was mainly expressed in hepatocytes of the hepatopancreas, epithelial cells of siphons, mature oocytes of the ovary, and spermatids of the testis. And protein fluorescence signals of Tim were slightly stronger at 12:00 during the day than at 00:00 during the night in the ovary and testis. After siRNA injection, the expression levels of Tim significantly decreased from the 3rd to 7th day in the siRNA treatment groups of the ovary and testis (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the contents of testosterone in the testis and estradiol in the ovary decreased significantly from the 1st to 9th day after siRNA injection (P < 0.01). Consequently, it could be concluded that Tim gene/protein exhibited circadian rhythmic expression patterns in the ovary and testis, and the contents of sex hormones significantly decreased after Tim interference, which suggested that Tim might regulate the nocturnal spawning by mediating the secretion of sex hormones in S. constricta. These findings preliminarily explored the regulatory effects of circadian clock gene Tim on nocturnal spawning of S. constricta, which will provide important application value for in-depth analysis of spawning mechanism and optimizing industrialized seedling breeding technology in mollusks.
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Key words:
- Sinonovacula constricta /
- circadian clock /
- Tim /
- gene expression /
- siRNA /
- sex hormone
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图 1 Tim蛋白的系统进化树（a）、motif（b）及结构域（c）分析
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree (a), motif (b) and domain (c) analysis of the Tim proteins
图 2 Tim蛋白的系统进化树（最大似然法，Bootstrap值 = 1 000）
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of the Tim proteins (maximum likelihood method, Bootstrap value = 1 000)
图 3 缢蛏Tim基因在不同组织中的表达分析（n = 6，不同小写字母代表差异显著P < 0.05）
Fig. 3 Relative expression of Tim gene in different adult tissues of Sinonovacula constricta (n = 6, superscript letters represent statistically significant differences at P < 0.05)
图 4 缢蛏Tim基因在4个组织中的昼夜表达分析（n = 6）
Fig. 4 Diurnal expression analysis of Tim gene in four tissues of Sinonovacula constricta (n = 6)
图 5 缢蛏Tim蛋白抗体的特异性检测
1： 肝胰腺；2：水管；3：卵巢；4：精巢；5，6，7，8：分别代表肝胰腺、水管、卵巢、精巢未加一抗的空白对照
Fig. 5 Specificity of Tim antibody in Sinonovacula constricta
1: Hepatopancreas; 2: siphon; 3: ovary; 4: testis; 5, 6, 7, 8: lacking the primary antibody in hepatopancreas, siphon, ovary and testis, respectively
图 6 缢蛏Tim蛋白在4个组织中的昼夜表达分析
HC：肝细胞，EC：上皮细胞，MO：成熟卵母细胞，ST：精子细胞；比例尺为100 μm
Fig. 6 Diurnal expression analysis of Tim protein in four tissues of Sinonovacula constricta
HC: Hepatocytes, EC: epithelial cell，MO: mature oocytes, ST: spermatid；scale bars were 100 μm
图 7 siRNA注射后Tim基因表达及睾酮和雌二醇含量变化（n = 6）
a1，a2：siRNA干扰后Tim基因在精巢和卵巢中的表达变化；b1，b2：siRNA干扰后精巢中睾酮和卵巢中雌二醇的含量变化；*代表P < 0.05；**代表P < 0.01
Fig. 7 Gene expression of Tim and testosterone and estradiol contents after siRNA injection (n = 6)
a1, a2: Relative expressions of Tim in testis and ovary among groups after siRNA injection; b1, b2: the testosterone (testis) and estradiol (ovary) content changes among groups after siRNA injection; * represents P < 0.05, and ** represents P < 0.01
表 1 实验所用引物序列信息
Tab. 1 Information of primers used in the experiments
引物名称 引物序列（5′-3′） 用途 RACE- Tim-5 CCATAGACCTTTGTCGGCGAGTTGCTGT 基因克隆 RACE- Tim-3 TGGCGACACCTACTTCAGGGCTTTTATT 基因克隆 Tim-F1 GTAATGAACGGAATGGGGCT 序列验证 Tim-R1 ATGGGGCTAAATGGAAGTCTCA 序列验证 Tim-F2 GGAACACCTACTGGATGACGAC 序列验证 Tim-R2 TGTTATGGCTGGTGGCAATG 序列验证 Tim-F3 AATCAACTTTTCAAGGGGACG 序列验证 Tim-R3 GTCTTCTCTTTGATTGATGTCGTG 序列验证 Real-Tim-F CGGAATGGGGCTAAATGG 荧光定量 Real-Tim-R CGTCATCCAGTAGGTGTTCCA 荧光定量 18S rRNA-F TCGGTTCTATTGCGTTGGTTTT 荧光定量 18S rRNA-R CAGTTGGCATCGTTTATGGTCA 荧光定量 siRNA-Tim-F GGAAGGAAAUAGAGUUUAATT siRNA干扰 siRNA-Tim-R UUAAACUCUAUUUCCUUCCTT siRNA干扰 NC-F UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT siRNA干扰 NC-R ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT siRNA干扰 
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