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中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力

张辉 刘季花 高晶晶 崔迎春 张颖 白亚之 何连花

张辉,刘季花,高晶晶,等. 中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(6):109–121 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
引用本文: 张辉,刘季花,高晶晶,等. 中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(6):109–121 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
Zhang Hui,Liu Jihua,Gao Jingjing, et al. Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(6):109–121 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
Citation: Zhang Hui,Liu Jihua,Gao Jingjing, et al. Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(6):109–121 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079

中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(40976038);自然资源部第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(GY02-2013G06);崂山实验室山东省专项(2021QNLM020003-2);国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”规划项目(DY125-13-R-07)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张辉(1982-),女,山东省德州市人,工程师,主要从事元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究。E-mail:zhanghui@fio.org.cn

    通讯作者:

    刘季花,女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学与海底成矿资源研究。E-mail:jihliu@fio.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: P575.3

Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean

  • 摘要: 根据太平洋海山群(中太平洋海山群、莱恩海山链)和西太平洋海山群(麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、马绍尔海山群)5个海山群14座海山的185个富钴结壳样品的碲元素分析测试,研究了其组成特征、空间分布规律、赋存相态及资源潜力。结果表明,研究区富钴结壳中碲元素质量分数的变化范围为17.8~145.2 μg/g,平均值为47.4 μg/g;各海山群碲元素的含量范围及区域富集程度存在较大差异,富集程度由高到低依次为麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,区域上呈现自西向东逐渐降低的趋势。碲元素含量与水深呈径向相同、纬向相反的趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境有关。淋滤结果显示碲元素主要富集在铁氧化物及残渣态中,富氧环境和生物作用磷酸盐化对碲的富集成矿起决定性作用。参照陆地伴生有用元素最低工业品位要求,中、西太平洋研究区域海山样品富钴结壳碲元素含量均达到了工业品位要求,具有潜在的开发价值。由富钴结壳储量估算,中、西太平洋富钴结壳中碲储量大于7.63万t,是海底碲资源的重要储备基地。
  • 图  1  研究区域和取样站位分布

    Fig.  1  Location of study area and distribution of sample in this study

    图  2  碲元素平均值${\bar C_{\rm{Te}}}$对比分析图

    Fig.  2  Comparison of average values ${\bar C_{\rm{Te}}} $ of tellurium

    图  3  碲元素含量平面分布

    a, b. 麦哲伦海山群;c. 马绍尔海山群;d. 马尔库斯维克海山群;e. 中太平洋海山群;f. 莱恩海山链

    Fig.  3  Horizontal distribution of tellurium content

    a, b. Magellanic seamounts; c. Marshall seamounts; d. Markus-Wake seamounts; e. Central Pacific seamounts; f. Lane seamount Chain

    图  4  径向剖面A−A′和纬向剖面B−B′站位分布

    Fig.  4  Station distribution of radial profile A−A′ and latitudinal profile B−B′

    图  5  A−A′剖面(a)及B−B′剖面(b)碲元素含量随水深的分布

    Fig.  5  Distribution of tellurium content in A−A′ (a) and B−B′ (b) profiles with water depth

    图  6  碲元素在富钴结壳中的赋存状态分布

    Fig.  6  Occurrence state and distribution of tellurium in Co−rich crusts

    图  7  元素聚类分析树形图

    Fig.  7  Tree diagram of element cluster analysis

    表  1  研究区富钴结壳碲元素含量统计表

    Tab.  1  Statistics of tellurium content in crust in the study area

    名称样品数最大值/
    (μg·g−1
    最小值/
    (μg·g−1
    平均值/
    (μg·g−1
    标准
    偏差
    离散
    系数
    结壳调查区185145.217.847.419.60.41
    麦哲伦海山群99108.918.553.417.40.33
    MG43995.037.464.014.30.22
    MG52973.942.853.57.20.13
    MG313108.927.543.921.50.49
    MG2870.027.741.613.00.31
    MG11044.218.527.86.80.25
    马尔库斯维
    克海山群
    1796.927.247.121.40.45
    MW3127.227.227.2
    MW11087.127.647.919.50.41
    MW2696.930.349.126.40.54
    马绍尔海山群13145.231.248.930.20.62
    MS113145.231.248.930.20.62
    中太平洋
    海山群
    1993.924.246.018.30.40
    M1445.524.232.69.40.29
    M21593.924.449.618.60.37
    莱恩海山链3765.617.831.811.00.35
    L1846.519.429.89.70.32
    L21465.618.436.210.40.29
    L31551.417.828.511.50.40
    注:“−” 代表只包含一个站位数据,未计算标准偏差和离散系数。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  研究区富钴结壳主要常量、微量元素含量统计表

    Tab.  2  Statistics of major and trace elements in Co−rich at crusts of the study area

    海山群海山参数常量元素含量/%微量元素含量/(μg·g−1
    SiO2TiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5CoNiCuZnBaPbSrMoCe∑REEWMoTePt
    马尔库斯维克
    海山群
    MW1最大值18.321.903.1726.8233.482.424.494.170.791.670.800.700.309082 7462 1311 7229091 6833 21210347787.071 183.00
    最小值6.311.231.1719.9124.921.662.982.270.560.920.530.33 0.064981 0001 4551 2893606951 5386625227.58118.00
    平均值11.621.542.0624.5529.631.953.542.630.691.150.650.470.136241 4481 7531 4245561 1082 1137731247.88344.86
    样品数101111111111111111111111262626262626262610101014
    MW2最大值18.292.583.0827.9638.762.327.743.210.832.830.990.720.157561 6001 9931 5507151 1131 94315558996.87617.74
    最小值2.081.290.5016.3624.091.592.972.080.580.510.410.290.053901 0751 4921 2834647391 6106325830.33141.00
    平均值11.211.722.0223.6029.871.923.842.480.691.080.650.480.084991 2551 8401 4365798611 7719236649.07267.50
    样品数25262626262626262626262611111111111111116668
    MW3最大值19.521.512.8626.6824.651.652.902.510.720.990.520.310.075141 2001 5871 4414918151 6896223827.16164.00
    最小值15.751.372.3225.3223.191.632.822.280.680.930.480.290.074791 0001 5431 3174537121 4376223827.16150.00
    平均值17.641.442.5926.0023.921.642.862.400.700.960.500.300.074971 1001 5651 3794727641 5636223827.16157.00
    样品数222222222222222222221112
    中太平洋
    海山群
    M1最大值14.222.102.7026.5235.572.349.142.951.024.090.840.810.289132 4231 7191 7556331 4612 4867631545.47408.76
    最小值5.861.541.4218.9626.761.393.072.240.530.490.460.330.084951 2701 3791 1593719201 7045424924.18131.00
    平均值9.641.811.8822.9529.591.824.042.530.701.120.690.460.136171 6501 5921 4024641 1612 1806427932.58238.48
    样品数999999999999999999994443
    M2最大值14.195.622.8629.5736.242.4319.392.780.849.581.130.810.227741 9502 1451 6007641 3422 66550561693.94784.00
    最小值2.181.080.5011.9526.821.702.962.090.530.640.510.280.065001 30001 2003486931 5964820124.43131.85
    中太平洋
    海山群
    M2平均值8.782.081.7022.4931.811.955.082.380.681.860.740.550.136191 5991 7081 4265481 0522 04312932049.56411.93
    样品数252727272727272727272727272727272727272716161513
    麦哲伦
    海山群
    MG3最大值19.082.954.8638.9939.352.6412.333.211.426.360.950.730.269152 8002 4281 9886281 6302 9891294355108.88502.00
    最小值5.221.641.1119.2723.541.492.811.880.550.790.340.260.085156281 2846283617621 5234017927.4694.60
    平均值11.411.992.6824.9427.951.824.572.270.781.640.560.410.156701 6761 6131 3844671 1352 22616026843.88296.06
    样品数191919191919191919191919191919191919191913131314
    MG4最大值22.382.114.5231.1338.922.2930.053.201.6719.220.620.750.228607 9701 9052 4027681 7442 73914476895.001 115.49
    最小值0.630.390.749.9718.140.872.990.860.340.940.200.300.0650693401 1732355911 4153523537.44276.75
    平均值8.611.552.1020.4730.291.7610.212.350.705.190.460.450.126681 9531 4691 5495051 0282 0397350564.00601.59
    样品数394040404040404040404040404040404040403940403915
    MG5最大值12.282.223.1226.8836.032.2622.322.830.8413.530.830.580.248034 2061 9481 9036621 4232 67010966273.90985.20
    最小值2.221.110.9314.7524.691.133.741.500.460.930.280.280.075631 4531 2661 2853327071 4962433242.79330.34
    平均值8.232.502.7621.2528.582.5710.933.121.576.131.421.381.106371 9631 3951 5094879471 8567048753.50542.17
    样品数292929292929292929292929292929292929292929292929
    MG1最大值18.741.974.0529.1030.082.298.203.300.854.210.720.630.177671 8001 7981 5155721 1762 3648431444.15360.00
    最小值7.941.361.2020.8720.201.732.872.060.520.770.350.230.074861 0001 2581 2502256531 3974318718.4791.75
    平均值13.851.673.2025.2925.051.943.742.430.721.300.470.390.116171 4151 5811 3774298641 7846425627.81206.93
    样品数17252525252525252525252525252525252525251010108
    MG2最大值20.762.266.2330.5132.392.0613.123.141.816.280.640.530.247782 0001 8551 7126541 3442 58013249669.97525.00
    麦哲伦
    海山群
    MG2最小值5.011.491.0420.1016.921.682.822.170.590.550.340.170.054491 1001 1361 0002885471 1874213527.7494.10
    平均值13.271.883.3825.4125.251.844.362.410.841.400.480.370.146231 5371 5411 3884459471 8427528041.59268.12
    样品数212323232323232323232323232323232323232388811
    马绍尔
    海山群
    MS1最大值15.612.443.5426.2337.562.2111.972.600.976.651.130.800.348992 5004 3751 8007471 6573 104111454145.15615.00
    最小值3.761.490.6618.3325.911.533.161.910.490.680.470.350.065431 2001 1591 3114067441 2636522831.1642.70
    平均值10.431.962.0723.8229.421.854.002.320.711.210.690.470.166701 6061 6651 4555151 0351 9478531548.89298.11
    样品数232323232323232323232323232323232323232313131313
    莱恩
    海山链
    L1最大值19.522.322.8627.0633.222.0810.632.600.966.041.010.700.238694 9181 9531 9927051 6152 6499637746.48452.00
    最小值4.441.370.6620.6723.191.632.822.040.490.760.480.290.074791 0001 0661 3174276541 2015922919.41125.00
    平均值9.411.841.7324.4329.191.813.982.320.681.330.640.490.126982 0091 3741 5225588681 6257931329.82244.31
    样品数161616161616161616161616161616161616161699812
    L2最大值15.562.083.8529.9936.772.6212.182.641.065.401.070.950.239063 4002 0221 8007991 6712 7513 07155165.60520.00
    最小值2.861.230.9113.6124.781.572.911.880.500.620.290.330.065161300831130034872913886225218.3579.80
    平均值8.701.871.7224.7329.921.874.142.280.671.320.710.490.136881 9211 4171 51458810161 97532137436.21269.33
    样品数212121212121212121212121212121212121212114141415
    L3最大值13.342.222.9830.4533.682.0819.162.990.997.640.910.680.268869 1002 2242 2097151 4302 3438739151.43612.00
    最小值5.641.540.6620.7623.481.302.681.660.480.610.230.310.075161 3006981 2084255831 1063524017.82105.00
    平均值9.181.851.7025.9729.141.774.372.220.671.330.580.450.146712 3331 1841 5235388401 6756930328.54268.87
    样品数252525252525252525252525252525252525252515151515
    注:∑REE为稀土总量。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  碲元素与主要常量、微量元素载荷矩阵

    Tab.  3  Tellurium element and main element load matrix

    成分
    F1F2F3F4F5
    初始特征值5.9633.9511.7341.6531.153
    方差/%33.12821.9499.6329.1836.405
    累积方差/%33.12855.07764.71073.89380.297
    Ca0.921−0.257−0.0980.131−0.071
    P0.915−0.276−0.1240.147−0.060
    Fe−0.835−0.1760.084−0.2820.159
    Si−0.753−0.4970.1300.2510.023
    Sr0.6710.058−0.012−0.485−0.059
    Pt0.6370.0880.1660.5270.218
    Ba0.580−0.1800.389−0.386−0.141
    Ti−0.5790.2450.369−0.2070.481
    Te0.5230.294−0.0050.4810.416
    Mn0.1430.900−0.101−0.0730.111
    Ni0.0420.8930.1330.116−0.303
    Co−0.4210.736−0.230−0.2000.095
    Mg−0.4480.6700.1590.341−0.213
    Na−0.1490.535−0.2020.2760.018
    Al−0.500−0.5250.3160.517−0.090
    Cu0.0150.0810.902−0.032−0.038
    Zn0.5010.4170.523−0.041−0.259
    ∑REE0.5390.0310.188−0.1190.638
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同矿物类型碲元素含量比较

    Tab.  4  Content comparison of Te elements in different mineral types

    物质碲元素含量/ (ng∙g−1来源
    中、西太平洋富钴结壳17 820~145 150本文
    太平洋富钴结壳13 410~115 800文献[19]
    铁锰结壳6 000~52 000文献[6]
    海底热液硫化物1~10 000文献[20]
    铁锰结核5 000文献[22]
    C1球粒陨石2 320文献[21]
    深海沉积物1 000文献[22]
    硅酸盐12文献[23]
    火山弧2.3~6.2文献[24]
    洋中脊玄武岩0.8~7.5文献[24]
    地壳0.36~10.00文献[25]
    海水2×10−14~5×10−14文献[1]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  海山富钴结壳碲元素资源量估算

    Tab.  5  Statistical table of Te element resources in seamount Co−rich crusts

    海山碲元素含量/(μg∙g−1)富集系数平均值/工业品位大于最低工业品位频率干结壳量/104 t碲金属量/t
    富钴结壳调查区47.4047 39523.70100%156 63076 330
    麦哲伦海山群53.3553 35426.68100%79 83542 595
    马尔库斯维克海山群47.0847 08323.54100%36 78017 318
    中太平洋海山群45.9945 98522.99100%18 6068 556
    马绍尔海山群48.8948 88724.44100%6 1713 017
    莱恩海山链31.7931 79415.90100%15 2364 844
    注:*碲的工业品位为0.000 2%~0.03%[26],碲的地壳丰度为0.001 μg/g[1]
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-28
  • 修回日期:  2022-10-04
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-06-27
  • 刊出日期:  2023-06-30

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