长江古河谷早中全新世沉积物碳埋藏通量与来源解析

苟富刚

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023019

长江古河谷早中全新世沉积物碳埋藏通量与来源解析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023019

苟富刚^{1, 2,}

1.
江苏省地质调查研究院，江苏南京 210049
2.
自然资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点试验室，江苏南京 210049

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（1212011220005）；江苏省自然资源厅项目（JSZRHYKJ202106）

详细信息

作者简介:
苟富刚（1985-），男，高级工程师，主要从事特殊土体和环境地质方面的研究工作。E-mail： goufugang@foxmail.com

中图分类号: P736.21⁺2；P343.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-07
- 修回日期: 2022-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-31

Analysis of carbon burial fluxes and sources in early to middle Holocene sediments of the Changjiang River palaeo-valley

Gou Fugang^{1, 2
,}

1.
Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210049, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210049, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究长江古河谷地区早中全新世沉积物的碳埋藏速率及来源，进行了ZK1孔沉积物总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）及δ¹³C的测定，结合AMS¹⁴C（植物碎屑、贝壳）测年、有孔虫及粒度数据，分析了长江古河谷碳埋藏的时空分布特征与TOC来源。采用历史地理学、沉积地质学结合测年数据进行了年代地层划分，自下而上分别为U1潮汐河道、U2河口湾、U3潮流砂脊和U4前三角洲。沉积物受到水深、径流、河口余环流、潮流、波浪、风暴与再矿化等作用或因素影响，TOC平均值为0.41%，低于长江河口表层沉积物基准值0.46%。ZK1碳埋藏通量（TOC_BF）介于7.4～110.5 g/(m²·a)之间，差异较大。TOC_BF数值主要受控于沉积速率。δ¹³C与TOC/TN（C/N）投影点结果表明，TOC来源表现为多源特征，且整体表现为偏陆源特征。C/N与δ¹³C线性拟合相关性高，适合采用C/N与δ¹³C进行TOC来源的定量分析。基于C/N与δ¹³C采用三端源模型进行了TOC来源分析。U2、U3沉积期处于全新世大暖期，其海源碳与陆源碳较U1、U2沉积单元高，这主要与海洋、陆地初级生产力的提高有关。ZK1海洋浮游植物对TOC的贡献量平均值为31%。河口浮游植物对TOC的贡献量平均值为31%。陆源有机碳对TOC的贡献量平均值为38%。整体来看，陆源有机碳的贡献量大于河口浮游植物与海洋浮游植物的贡献量，这与图解法的分析结果基本一致。
- 有机碳 /
- 有孔虫 /
- 埋藏速率 /
- 沉积环境 /
- AMS¹⁴C
Abstract: In order to study the carbon burial rates and sources of early to middle Holocene sediments in the Changjiang River palaeo-valley area, the determination of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and δ¹³C of sediments from ZK1 hole was carried out, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and TOC sources of carbon burial in the Changjiang River palaeo-valley were analyzed by combining AMS¹⁴C (plant debris, shells) dating, foraminiferal and grain size data. Using a combination of historical geography and sedimentary geology combined with AMS¹⁴C data, the chronostratigraphic classification was carried out from bottom to top as tidal channel (U1), estuarine bay (U2), tidal sand ridge (U3), and pre-delta (U4). Sediments were influenced by the effects or factors of water depth, runoff, estuarine after-circulation, tidal currents, waves, storms and remineralization, and the mean value of TOC was 0.41%, which was lower than the surface layer of the Changjiang River Estuary. The ZK1 hole carbon burial flux (TOC_BF) ranged from 7.4 g/(m²·a) to 110.5 g/(m²·a), with large variations. The TOC_BF values were mainly controlled by the sedimentation rate. The results of δ¹³C and TOC/TN (C/N) projection points indicate that there are TOC sources with multi-source characteristics, and the overall performance is partial to terrestrial sources. The linear fit correlation between C/N and δ¹³C was high, which allowed the quantitative analysis of organic matter sources using C/N and δ¹³C. The organic carbon source analysis was carried out based on C/N and δ¹³C using a three-terminal source model. The U2 and U3 depositional periods were in the Holocene Great Warm Period, and the sea-derived and land-derived carbon was higher than that of the U1 and U2 depositional units, which was mainly related to the increase of marine and terrestrial primary productivity. The mean contribution of marine phytoplankton to total organic carbon was 31% in ZK1 hole. The mean contribution of estuarine phytoplankton to total organic carbon was 31%; the mean contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to total organic carbon was 38%. Overall, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon was greater than that of estuarine phytoplankton and marine phytoplankton, which was basically consistent with the analysis results of the graphical method.
- organic carbon /
- foraminifera /
- burial rate /
- depositional environment /
- AMS¹⁴C

HTML全文

图 1 中国东部陆架区海流分布示意图及采样点位置（据文献[33-34]修改）

Fig. 1 The distribution of currents in the eastern shelf area of China and the location of sampling sites (modified from references [33-34])

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 ZK1孔沉积环境划分

Fig. 2 Deposition environment division of ZK1 hole

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图 3 有机碳含量与有机碳沉积通量分布特征

Fig. 3 TOC and TOC_BF distribution characteristics

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图 4 不同沉积单元碳通量特征

Fig. 4 Carbon flux characteristics of different sedimentation units

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图 5 有机碳与总氮拟合特征

Fig. 5 TOC and TN fitting characteristics

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图 6 细菌、藻类、水体与ZK1孔中δ¹³C与C/N特征（根据文献[68]修改）

Fig. 6 Characteristics of δ¹³C and C/N in bacteria, algae, water column and ZK1 hole (modified from reference [68])

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图 7 长江口不同沉积区域表层沉积物与ZK1孔沉积物δ¹³C与C/N特征^[12-20]

Fig. 7 Characteristics of δ¹³C and C/N of surface sediments and ZK1 hole sediments in different depositional areas of the Changjiang River Estuary^[12-20]

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图 8 C/N与δ¹³C线性拟合图

Fig. 8 C/N with δ¹³C linear fit plot

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图 9 有机碳来源占比分析

Fig. 9 Analysis of organic carbon sources as a percentage

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图 10 ZK1孔土体沉积时的水深变化

海平面数据来自文献[74-75]，气温曲线来自文献[76]

Fig. 10 Water depth variation during deposition of ZK1 hole

Sea level data cited from the references [74-75], temperature curves cited from the reference [76]

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表 1 ZK1孔AMS¹⁴C年代序列

Tab. 1 AMS¹⁴C chronological sequence of ZK1 hole

样品编号	深度/m	岩性	测年材料	校正年龄/(cal a BP)
ZK1-1	11.5	灰色粉细砂夹粉质黏土	植物碎屑	2 833
ZK1-2	28.7	灰色泥砂互层	贝壳	4 733
ZK1-3	34.2	灰色泥砂互层	贝壳	5 165
ZK1-4	36.8	灰色泥砂互层	贝壳	5 415
ZK1-5	44.4	灰色粉砂与黏土互层	植物碎屑	9 143
ZK1-6	55.0	灰色粉细砂与黏土互层	植物碎屑	9 790
ZK1-7	57.8	灰色细砂与粉质黏土互层	贝壳	10 450
ZK1-8	63.7	灰色粉质黏土夹粉砂	螺壳	12 230

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表 2 不同沉积单元有机碳与总氮拟合特征

Tab. 2 TOC and TN fitting characteristics of different sedimentation units

沉积单元	拟合式	相关系数	TN平均值/%	拟合式截距与TN 平均值的比值/%
全部样本	y = 0.063 7x + 0.029 2	0.728	0.055	53
U1	y = 0.059x + 0.029 1	0.848	0.056	52
U2	y = 0.034 5x + 0.039 3	0.302	0.052	75
U3	y = 0.105 4x + 0.015 7	0.751	0.059	27
U4	y = –0.022 9x + 0.056 7	0.192	0.045	126

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