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南极海冰变化及其气候效应研究述评

王今菲 杨清华 于乐江 宋米荣 罗昊 施骞 李雪薇 闵超 刘骥平

王今菲,杨清华,于乐江,等. 南极海冰变化及其气候效应研究述评[J]. 海洋学报,2021,43(7):11–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021151
引用本文: 王今菲,杨清华,于乐江,等. 南极海冰变化及其气候效应研究述评[J]. 海洋学报,2021,43(7):11–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021151
Wang Jinfei,Yang Qinghua,Yu Lejiang, et al. A review on Antarctic sea ice change and its climate effects[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2021, 43(7):11–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021151
Citation: Wang Jinfei,Yang Qinghua,Yu Lejiang, et al. A review on Antarctic sea ice change and its climate effects[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2021, 43(7):11–22 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021151

南极海冰变化及其气候效应研究述评

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021151
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41941009,42006191);广东省自然科学基金(2018A0303130268)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王今菲(1998-),女,江苏省扬州市人,主要从事南极海冰变化研究。E-mail:wangjf35@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    杨清华,男,教授,主要从事极地海冰和大气研究。E-mail: yangqh25@mail.sysu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P731.15

A review on Antarctic sea ice change and its climate effects

  • 摘要: 南极海冰是全球气候系统的重要组成部分。不同于北极海冰的快速减少,近40年来,南极海冰范围在2014年前是缓慢增加、后是突变减少。单一的大尺度大气环流因素无法解释南极海冰的长期变化趋势,海洋−大气相互作用对海冰的耦合影响还未得到充分研究。受南极海冰厚度遥感观测和数值模拟能力所限,现有数据仍无法准确量化全球变化背景下南极海冰的厚度和体积变化;目前南极海冰变化的气候效应还未充分明确。当前国内外对南极海冰研究的不足迫切要求发展长期可靠的南极海冰厚度数据,以突破南极海冰体积变化研究的难题,同时应综合考虑多气候模态和海气系统耦合的作用,研究南极海冰变化的机制及其气候效应。
  • 图  1  1979–2020年南、北极海冰范围异常的时间序列(相比1981–2010年气候态异常平均而言)

    数据来源:美国国家冰雪数据中心,细线表示月平均的海冰范围异常,粗线表示12年滑动平均的海冰范围异常(据文献[22]绘制)

    Fig.  1  Time series of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent anomaly from 1979 to 2019 compared with the climatology from 1981 to 2010

    The data is from National Snow and Ice Data Center. Thin lines represent monthly average sea ice extent anomalies and thick lines represent the 12-year running mean of sea ice extent anomalies. This figure is modified based on reference [22]

    图  2  1979–2014年南极海冰密集度变化趋势(引自文献[29]中图4)

    Fig.  2  The trend of Antarctic sea ice concentration from 1979 to 2014 (this figure is cited from Fig. 4 in reference [29] )

    表  1  现有的主要南极海冰厚度现场观测数据

    Tab.  1  Available Antarctic sea ice thickness field observations

    序号数据名称数据来源数据时段覆盖区域
    1AWI-ULS向上仰视声呐1990–2010威德尔海
    2ASPeCt船载走航观测1980–2004南大洋
    3ISPOL机载电磁感应2004.11–2005.01威德尔海(66~68°S)
    4WWOS机载电磁感应2006.09–2006.10威德尔海(60~65°S)
    5ANTXXIX/6&ANTXXIX/7机载电磁感应2013.06– 2013.10威德尔海
    6IceBridge积雪雷达、机载地形测绘仪2009–2018威德尔海
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  现有的主要南极海冰厚度卫星遥感数据

    Tab.  2  Available Antarctic sea ice thickness remote sensing data

    序号数据名称数据来源数据时段覆盖区域数据网址
    1ERS-1/2ERS-1/ERS-2卫星1991–2011年南大洋https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/ers
    2SICCIEnvisat 和CryoSat-2卫星2002–2017年南大洋http://esa-cci.nersc.no/
    3ICESat-1ICESat-1卫星2003–2009年南大洋https://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/icesat/
    4SMOSSMOS卫星2010年至今南大洋私人通信
    5ICESat-2ICESat-2卫星2018年至今南大洋https://icesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov/
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-09-07
  • 修回日期:  2021-06-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-07-12
  • 刊出日期:  2021-07-25

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