海气交换与呼吸作用调控下杭州湾碳酸盐体系的特征

王俊洋; 王斌; 李德望; 徐忠胜; 苗燕熠; 杨志; 金海燕; 陈建芳

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021124

海气交换与呼吸作用调控下杭州湾碳酸盐体系的特征

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021124

王俊洋^{1, 2,},
王斌^{1, 2},
李德望^{1, 2},
徐忠胜^{1, 2, 4},
苗燕熠^{1, 2, 5},
杨志^{1, 2},
金海燕^{1, 2, 3},
陈建芳^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江杭州 310012
2.
自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室，浙江杭州 310012
3.
自然资源部第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室，浙江杭州 310012
4.
浙江大学海洋学院，浙江舟山 316021
5.
上海交通大学海洋学院，上海 200030

基金项目: 中央科研院所基本业务费专项资金项目（LORCE计划）；国家自然科学基金（U1709201，41706120，41806095）；浙江省自然科学基金（LQ17D060006）；“全球变化与海气相互作用”专项（II期）—长江口缺氧酸化预警监测项目。

详细信息

作者简介:
王俊洋（1995—），男，浙江省桐乡市人，研究方向为河口碳酸盐体系。E-mail：jyocean@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈建芳，男，研究员，主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail：jfchen@sio.org.cn

中图分类号: P734.2⁺5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-29
- 修回日期: 2021-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-25

Characteristics of carbonate system in the Hangzhou Bay: Under the regulation of air-sea exchange and respiration

Wang Junyang^{1, 2
,},
Wang Bin^{1, 2},
Li Dewang^{1, 2},
Xu Zhongsheng^{1, 2, 4},
Miao Yanyi^{1, 2, 5},
Yang Zhi^{1, 2},
Jin Haiyan^{1, 2, 3},
Chen Jianfang^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
4.
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
5.
School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

摘要

摘要: 杭州湾作为典型的高浑浊度海湾，对其水体碳酸盐体系分布特征的研究相对较少。本文基于两个夏季航次(2018年和2019年)获取的调查资料，阐述夏季杭州湾水体中碳酸盐体系参数的空间分布特征，并进一步分析影响溶解无机碳偏离保守混合作用的主要过程及相对贡献。数据结果表明，杭州湾内表层溶解无机碳浓度与总碱度的变化范围分别为1 553～1 964 μmol/kg和1 577～2 101 μmol/kg，略低于长江口(1 407～2 110 μmol/kg和1 752～2 274 μmol/kg)，溶解无机碳浓度和总碱度的空间分布受控于淡水与外海水混合的影响，在潮汐作用下，总体呈现出湾内低，向湾外逐渐升高的趋势。影响表层溶解无机碳非保守混合分布的主要过程中，海−气交换降低溶解无机碳浓度，呼吸作用增加溶解无机碳浓度，两个过程对溶解无机碳浓度变化量的贡献分别为(−42.3±11.7)%与(34.2±14.3)%，净效应呈现为相对平衡的状态。通过计算获得表层海水pCO₂的平均值为799 μatm (675～932 μatm)，海湾总体表现为大气CO₂的源。此外，湾内海水碳酸盐缓冲因子的范围为12.8～23.8，对CO₂的缓冲能力弱于邻近东海海水(缓冲因子平均值约为11.9)，指示其与外部水体的交换可能会降低附近海域的酸化缓冲能力。相对其他河口/海湾而言，杭州湾内高浊度与强潮汐的特点使其湾内水体的碳酸盐体系分布特征具有区域特殊性。
- 碳酸盐体系 /
- 溶解无机碳 /
- 分布特征 /
- 杭州湾
Abstract: As a typical high-turbidity bay, the carbonate systems in the Hangzhou Bay are not well documented. In this paper, the spatial distributions of inorganic carbonate paramenters in the Hangzhou Bay were analyzed based on data collected from two summer surveys in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and total alkalinity (TA) in surface layer of the Hangzhou Bay ranged from 1 553 μmol/kg to 1 964 μmol/kg and from 1 577 μmol/kg to 2 101 μmol/kg, respectively, which were lower than that of the Changjiang River Estuary (1 407−2 110 μmol/kg and 1 752−2 274 μmol/kg). The spatial distributions of DIC concentration and TA were controlled by the mixing of fresh water and offshore sea water. They were affected by strong tide, which gradually increased DIC concentration from inner bay to outlet of the bay. Air-sea carbon exchange and biological respiration led to decrease and increase of DIC concentration, with the contributions of (−42.3±11.7)% and (34.2±14.3)%, respectively. Such two compensate processes resulted in a net balanced state. The average surface pCO₂ in the Hangzhou Bay was 799 μatm (675−932 μatm), indicating that bay waters were source of atmospheric CO₂. The revelle factor in the Hangzhou Bay varied from 12.8 to 23.8, suggesting a weaker CO₂ buffering capacity than the adjacent East China Sea (the mean value was 11.9). Compared with other estuaries/gulfs, the characteristics of high turbidity and strong tides in the Hangzhou Bay made the spatial distributions of the carbonate system in the bay water had regional specificity.
- carbonate systems /
- dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) /
- distribution /
- Hangzhou Bay

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域与观测站位

Fig. 1 Study area and location of sampling station

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图 2 2019年夏季杭州湾温度与盐度关系

浅灰色虚线为等密度线

Fig. 2 The correlation among temperature and salinity of the Hangzhou Bay in summer 2019

The light gray dotted line represents the isopycnic line

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图 3 2018年与2019年杭州湾夏季表层DIC浓度、TA的平面分布（单位：μmol/kg）

Fig. 3 Distribution of DIC concentration and TA in the surface layer of the Hangzhou Bay in summer 2018 and 2019 (unit: μmol/kg)

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图 4 2018年与2019年杭州湾夏季表层pCO₂的平面分布（单位：μatm）

Fig. 4 Distribution of pCO₂ in the surface layer of the Hangzhou Bay in summer 2018 and 2019 (unit: μatm)

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图 5 TA、DIC浓度与盐度之间的相互关系

虚线与直线分别表示2018年、2019年的趋势线；红圈内展示的是北部沿岸高值站位

Fig. 5 The correlation among TA, DIC concentration and salinity

The dotted line and the straight line represent the trend lines of 2018 and 2019, respectively; the high-value stations along the northern coast are shown in the red circle

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图 6 2019年ΔDIC浓度与ΔTA的相关关系

Fig. 6 The correlation of ΔDIC concentration and ΔTA in 2019

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图 7 2019年杭州湾夏季表层水中DIC浓度变化的主要影响因素及其相对贡献

误差棒表示海水滞留时间变化对ΔDIC计算的影响

Fig. 7 Main influencing factors and their contributions to the DIC concentration in surface layer of the Hangzhou Bay in summer 2019

The error bars indicate the influence of changes in seawater retention time on ΔDIC calculations

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图 8 DIC浓度∶TA与盐度（a），缓冲因子与盐度（b）的相互关系，及2019年夏季杭州湾表层海水缓冲因子的平面分布（c）

Fig. 8 The correlation of DIC concentration∶TA and salinity (a), revelle factor and salinity (b), and distribution of revelle factor in the surface layer of the Hangzhou Bay in summer 2019 (c)

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图 9 7个河口/海湾DIC浓度随盐度变化的示意图

Fig. 9 Diagram of DIC concentration and salinity in seven different estuaries/gulfs

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表 1 航次信息与水文参数

Tab. 1 Cruise information and hydrological parameters

航次名称	采样时间（阳历）	温度/℃	盐度	深度/m	潮汐
2018年航次	2018年8月12日、2018年8月15日	29.87±0.52	16.02±4.89	8.2±2.1	大潮
2019年航次	2019年8月25−29日	28.45±1.58	17.34±7.85	15.7±12.5	小潮
注：温度、盐度和深度数据为各个航次调查站位的平均值±相对偏差，潮汐以农历推算。

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表 2 两个航次表层DIC浓度、TA、pCO₂的变化范围

Tab. 2 The variation range of DIC concentration, TA and pCO₂ in surface layer of two field cruises

航次年月	DIC浓度/(μmol·kg⁻¹)	TA/(μmol·kg⁻¹)	pCO₂/μatm
2018年8月	1 789～2 015 (1 921)	1 822～2 100 (1 982)	778～1 271 (1 085)
2019年8月	1 553～1 964 (1 805)	1 577～2 101 (1 886)	675～932 (799)
注：DIC浓度、TA为实测值，pCO₂为计算值，括号内为平均值。

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表 3 7个北半球中高纬度河口/海湾碳酸盐体系的对比

Tab. 3 Comparison of carbonate systems in seven different estuaries and gulfs in the North Hemisphere

河口/海湾	DIC浓度	pCO₂/μatm	主要影响因素	数据来源
斯海尔德河口	3 300～7 100 μmol/L	2 200～15 500	呼吸作用	文献[9]
卢瓦尔河口	2 200～2 700 μmol/kg	700～2 900	呼吸作用/ 碳酸盐溶解	文献[12]
黄河口	2 155～2 927 μmol/L	400～750	初级生产/ 碳酸盐析出	文献[11]
长江口	1 407～2 110 μmol/kg	177～1 036	初级生产	文献[25, 28]
珠江口	798～1 572 μmol/kg（雨季）； 2 744～3 329 μmol/kg（旱季）	−	碳酸盐浓度	文献[55]
切萨皮克湾	800～1 900 μmol/kg	−	初级生产/呼吸作用	文献[13]
杭州湾	1 553～1 964 μmol/kg	675～932	呼吸作用/海−气交换	本文
注：−代表对应时期数据不可用。

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