浙江中部三门湾波浪特征统计分析

周阳; 叶钦; 施伟勇; 杨斌; 宋泽坤; 闫东号

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021097

浙江中部三门湾波浪特征统计分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021097

周阳^1,,
叶钦^2, ,,
施伟勇²,
杨斌²,
宋泽坤²,
闫东号³

1.
浙江海洋大学海洋工程装备学院，浙江舟山 316022
2.
自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江杭州 310012
3.
浙江浙能台州第二发电有限责任公司，浙江台州 317100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42006175）；浙江省自然科学基金（LQ20E090004）

详细信息

作者简介:
周阳（1987-），男，浙江省宁波市人，博士，主要从事海洋工程水动力研究。E-mail：edit502@126.com

通讯作者:
叶钦（1979-），男，高级工程师，主要从事河口海岸水动力研究。E-mail：641897696@qq.com

中图分类号: TV139.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-21
- 修回日期: 2020-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-07
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-23

Statistical analysis on wave characteristics in the Sanmen Bay of Zhejiang middle coast

1.
School of Marine Engineering Equipments, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
2.
Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
3.
Zhejiang Zheneng Taizhou Second Electric Power Generation Co., LTD., Taizhou 317100, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究浙江中部三门湾海域的波浪特征，本文基于AWAC波浪观测仪在该海域进行了连续1年的观测，对观测得到的波浪参数进行了统计分析、线性回归分析，同时研究分析了三门湾海域受台风影响时，波浪参数和波浪谱的变化情况，探讨了波浪变化的原因。研究表明，三门湾海域常浪向和强浪向均为E向，地形是主导因素；显著波高绝大部分在0.8 m以下，期间的最大波高为2.71 m；该海域的波浪特征分布是一个比较典型的瑞利分布；台风“泰利”期间波能谱以双峰为主，外海涌浪和研究海域风区内的风浪形成混合浪，其中0.08 Hz左右的低频涌浪成分占比很大，而0.25 Hz左右的高频风浪成分占比较小。本文的研究工作为沿海海洋工程结构物的设计建造以及防灾减灾提供重要参考依据。
- 波浪特征 /
- 三门湾 /
- 线性回归分析 /
- 风浪 /
- 涌浪 /
- 波浪频谱
Abstract: In order to study the wave characteristics in the Sanmen Bay, field observation based on AWAC data acquisition equipment was continued for one year, and the statistical analysis, linear regression analysis was done. Moreover, statistics and spectral variations of waves during the typhoon occurrence were investigated, and the reason for the variations was determined on the basis of wave data collected. The results show that the dominant wave direction and the strong wave direction are both E due to the topography of coastal areas; during the wave observation period, H_1/10 is mainly under 0.8 m, and H_max is 2.71 m; the distribution of wave characteristics is a typical Rayleigh distribution in this region; the wave spectra estimated during Typhoon Talim is double-peaked, and the total wave is a combination of swell and wind sea, when the low frequency swell about 0.08 Hz is in a dominant position and the high frequency wind sea about 0.25 Hz is relatively weak. This study will be important as reference in the design of offshore structures as well as for disaster prevention and mitigation.
- wave characteristics /
- Sanmen Bay /
- linear regression analysis /
- wind sea /
- swell /
- wave spectra

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图 1 波浪测站位置

Fig. 1 Location of the wave measurement station

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图 2 测站各月特征波高变化

Fig. 2 Variation of wave height in each month

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图 3 测站全年各级各向显著波高（H_1/10）出现频率分布

Fig. 3 Distribution of H_1/10 in different levels and different directions

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图 4 测站各月特征波周期变化

Fig. 4 Variation of wave period in each month

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图 5 测站全年各级各向平均波周期（T_mean）出现频率分布

Fig. 5 Distribution of T_mean in different levels and different directions

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图 6 三门湾海域波高分布特征

Fig. 6 Wave height distribution during the observation period in the Sanmen Bay

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图 7 三门湾海域各特征波高参数的线性拟合

Fig. 7 Linear relationship of different characteristic wave height of the Sanmen Bay

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图 8 三门湾海域各特征波周期的线性拟合

Fig. 8 Linear relationship of different characteristic wave period of the Sanmen Bay

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图 9 台风“泰利”路径图

Fig. 9 The track of Typhoon Talim

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图 10 台风“泰利”作用下2017年9月12日14时至17日14时各波要素变化情况

Fig. 10 Variation of wave parameters from 14:00 12th to 14:00 17th September 2017 during Typhoon Talim

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图 11 台风“泰利”期间波浪频谱随时间变化过程

Fig. 11 Variation of spectral wave characteristics during Typhoon Talim

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图 12 最大波高发生时的波浪频谱变化情况

Fig. 12 Variation of wave spectra curve during the maximum wave height

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表 1 测站各级各向显著波高（H_1/10）出现频率分布（%）

Tab. 1 Distribution of H_1/10 in different levels and different directions (%)

H_1/10/m	N	NNE	NE	ENE	E	ESE	SE	SSE	S	SSW	SW	WSW	W	WNW	NW	NNW	合计
0.0～0.6	1.13	1.63	3.39	12.72	34.35	22.24	6.31	1.10	0.30	0.03	0.09	−	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.32	83.70
0.6～0.8	1.18	0.89	0.78	0.88	3.84	2.12	0.34	0.05	0.01	−	−	−	−	−	0.01	0.53	10.62
0.8～1.0	0.40	0.25	0.21	0.51	1.21	0.57	0.08	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.02	0.31	3.56
1.0～1.2	0.09	0.05	0.02	0.08	0.34	0.13	0.03	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.07	0.81
1.2～1.5	−	−	0.01	0.07	0.29	0.01	0.01	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.39
1.5～2.0	−	−	−	0.08	0.25	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.33
≥2.0	−	−	−	0.01	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.01
合计	2.80	2.82	4.41	14.35	40.27	25.07	6.78	1.14	0.31	0.03	0.09	−	0.01	0.02	0.09	1.22	99.42
平均值/m	0.64	0.57	0.47	0.40	0.43	0.39	0.35	0.31	0.25	0.28	0.32	−	0.22	0.37	0.55	0.71	0.42
最大值/m	1.08	1.12	1.43	2.14	1.95	1.26	1.22	0.79	0.66	0.38	0.5	−	0.22	0.47	0.86	1.06	2.14
注：−代表不存在这些情况。

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表 2 测站各级各向平均波周期出现频率分布（%）

Tab. 2 Distribution of T_mean in different levels and different directions (%)

T_mean/s	N	NNE	NE	ENE	E	ESE	SE	SSE	S	SSW	SW	WSW	W	WNW	NW	NNW	合计
0.1～4	2.79	2.79	4.17	11.39	26.76	18.55	5.84	1.05	0.26	0.03	0.07	−	−	0.02	0.08	1.22	75.02
4～5	0.01	0.02	0.18	2.08	8.81	4.44	0.71	0.06	0.05	−	0.02	−	−	−	0.01	−	16.39
5～6	−	0.01	0.06	0.73	3.74	1.76	0.16	0.03	−	−	−	−	0.01	−	−	−	6.51
6～7	−	−	−	0.13	0.66	0.25	0.06	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	1.10
7～8	−	−	−	0.01	0.17	0.05	0.01	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.24
≥8	−	−	−	0.01	0.13	0.02	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.16
合计/%	2.80	2.82	4.41	14.35	40.27	25.07	6.78	1.14	0.31	0.03	0.09	−	0.01	0.02	0.09	1.22	99.42
平均值/s	2.94	2.90	3.03	3.39	3.71	3.49	3.14	3.07	3.20	2.51	2.84	−	5.36	2.47	3.03	3.06	3.47
最大值/s	4.05	5.53	5.92	8.09	9.78	8.45	7.10	5.55	4.99	2.68	4.40	−	5.36	2.90	4.73	3.60	9.78
注：−表示不存在这些情况。

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表 3 三门湾海域各波参数比值系数

Tab. 3 Wave parameter ratio factors of the Sanmen Bay

特征波高比	变化范围	线性回归系数	标准差	深水理论值
H_max/H_mean	1.96～6.24	2.70	0.31	2.70
H_1/10/H_mean	1.44～2.86	2.00	0.13	2.03
H_1/3/H_mean	1.33～2.0	1.58	0.07	1.60
H_1/3/$m_0^{1/2}$	2.84～4.0	3.50	0.17	4.00

特征波周期比	变化范围	线性回归系数	标准差	深水理论值
T_max/T_mean	0.29～5.48	1.69	0.64	1.20
T_1/10/T_mean	0.97～3.14	1.58	0.31	1.20
T_1/3/T_mean	1.01～1.97	1.40	0.16	1.20
T₀₁/T_mean	0.94～1.31	1.10	0.06	1.00
T₀₂/T_mean	0.73～1.12	0.91	0.05	<1.00
T_p/T_mean	0.74～6.67	2.04	0.94	>1.00

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表 4 台风“泰利”期间各波参数比值系数

Tab. 4 Wave parameter ratio factors during Typhoon Talim

特征波高比	变化范围	线性回归系数	标准差	深水理论值
H_max/H_mean	2.16~3.47	2.73	0.29	2.70
H_1/10/H_mean	1.75~2.47	2.11	0.15	2.03
H_1/3/H_mean	1.42~1.77	1.63	0.07	1.60
H_1/3/$m_0^{1/2}$	2.94~3.81	3.47	0.17	4.00

特征波周期比	变化范围	线性回归系数	标准差	深水理论值
T_max/T_mean	0.75~4.07	2.12	0.67	1.20
T_1/10/T_mean	1.09~2.68	1.94	0.33	1.20
T_1/3/T_mean	1.10~1.75	1.55	0.16	1.20
T₀₁/T_mean	1.00~1.29	1.18	0.07	1.00
T₀₂/T_mean	0.81~1.01	0.90	0.04	<1.00
T_p/T_mean	0.90~4.60	2.48	0.80	>1.00

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