Study on the structural characteristics and dynamic mechanism of faults in the Kaiping Sag of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地作为南海北部陆缘勘探程度较高的含油气盆地，断裂特征分析对认识盆地演化模式和油气成藏机理至关重要。根据高分辨率地震数据和钻井资料对盆地西南部开平凹陷进行精细地震地质解释，依据断裂级别与规模将该区断裂构造类型划分为一级控盆断裂、二级控凹断裂、三级控带断裂以及四级控圈断裂；在地震剖面上识别出“Y”字型断层、阶梯状断层及卷心型断层等多种剖面组合样式；根据断裂平面分布图识别出平行式、雁列式、斜交式3种平面组合类型；定量统计断裂走向特征可知，在右旋应力场作用下，自始新世到早中新世断裂走向持续发生近NE→EW→近NW向的顺时针旋转，且断裂活动性逐渐减弱。并认为受印度‒欧亚板块碰撞、太平洋板块俯冲后撤和古南海持续南移的影响，盆地形成典型的伸展拉张应力场环境，促成始新世‒渐新世期间近NE向、EW向和中新世期间发育的近NW向3组断裂发育。对开平凹陷的地质构造特征加以解释补充，为南海北缘洋陆过渡带的发育特性和成因机制提供参考。Abstract: The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin is a petroleum-bearing basin with a high degree of exploration in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, the analysis of fault characteristics is crucial to its basin evolution model and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism. According to the high-resolution seismic data and drilling data, the fine seismic geological interpretation of the Kaiping Sag in the southwest of the basin is carried out. Based on the fault grade and scale, the fault structure type is divided into the first-level basin-controlled fault, the second-level sag-controlled fault and the third-level control fault based on the level and scale of faults belt fracture and four-level control ring fracture, identify “Y” shaped faults, stepped faults, and heart-shaped faults combination styles on the seismic section, identify three plane combinations of parallel, goose, and oblique based on the fault plane distribution Types of quantitative statistics of the fault strike characteristics show that under the action of the right-handed stress field, from the Eocene to the Early Miocene, the strike direction continued to rotate clockwise in the direction of NE→EW→NW, and the fracture activity gradually weakened. It is also believed that due to the impact of the Indian-Eurasian plate collision, the subduction and retreat of the Pacific plate and the continuous southward movement of the ancient South China Sea, the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin formes a typical extensional tensile stress field environment. It contributes to the development of three groups of faults in the near NE direction, the EW direction and the near-NW direction during the Eocene-Oligocene period. It provides an explanation and supplement to the geological structural characteristics of Kaiping Sag, and provides a reference for the development characteristics and genetic mechanism of the ocean-continent transition zone on the northern margin of the South China Sea.
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Key words:
- Kaiping Sag /
- fault strike /
- faulting activity /
- stress field environment /
- formation mechanism
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图 1 南海北部珠江口盆地区域位置（a）及珠江口盆地构造单元划分（b）
Fig. 1 The regional location of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin in the northern South China Sea (a) and the structural unit division of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (b)
图 4 开平凹陷复合“Y”字型断层与阶梯状断层组合样式
Fig. 4 Combination style of composite "Y" type fault and stepped fault in Kaiping Sag
图 6 沿层相干属性识别的二维断裂平面分布
Fig. 6 Two-dimensional fracture plane distribution along the coherent attribute recognition
图 8 过L4671测线地震剖面断裂分布
Fig. 8 Fracture distribution of seismic section through L4671 survey line
表 1 开平凹陷断裂构造演化表
Tab. 1 Evolution of fault structure in Kaiping Sag
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