海啸波对近岸岛礁影响的数值模拟研究

任智源; 赵曦; 闪迪; 王培涛

海啸波对近岸岛礁影响的数值模拟研究

1.
国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;国家海洋局海啸预警中心, 北京 100081
2.
上海交通大学工程力学系, 上海 200240

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11202130）；国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目（201405026）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1401500）；上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室开放课题（1604）；留学人员科技活动项目择优资助。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-03-18

Numerical study of tsunami impact on coastal reef

1.
National Marine and Environmental Forecast Center, Beijing 100081, China;National Tsunami Warning Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要

摘要: 基于Okada有限断层模型和非线性浅水波方程，结合高精度嵌套网格建立了越洋（中国近海）-局部-近岸岛礁的海啸生成与传播的数值模型。以三亚凤凰岛为例，首先针对2011日本地震海啸，模拟分析了海啸波沿中国沿海大陆架的传播特征及对凤凰岛的影响规律。在取得验证结果的基础上，进一步讨论了中国近海的马尼拉海沟和琉球海沟的潜在海啸源，以及环太平洋的21个潜在特大越洋海啸对凤凰岛的影响特征。依据海啸波在抵达凤凰岛的波浪特征，结合傅里叶频谱分析方法，探索了近岸岛礁对海啸波的放大效应。结果表明，中国近海一般震级的海啸和特大越洋海啸对凤凰岛存在一定影响，最大波幅接近1 m，传播时间从3 h到27 h不等。受三亚东南半岛的影响，琉球海沟激发的海啸和越洋海啸在凤凰岛的放大效应相对于马尼拉海沟较小，其频率集中在0.8×10^-4~2×10^-4 Hz。马尼拉海沟产生的海啸波在凤凰岛产生了较为显著的放大效应，对于凤凰岛是值得关注的高风险海啸源。
- 海啸波 /
- 近岸岛礁 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 凤凰岛 /
- 放大效应
Abstract: In this study, tsunami generation and propagation model involved trans-Pacific (China's offshore)-local-coastal reef has been established, based on Okada model, nonlinear shallow water equations, and coupled grid with high resolution. The Phoenix Island in Sanya City is selected as research subject. Firstly, the simulation of 2011 Japan Tohoku tsunami has been carried out, and the characteristics of tsunami propagation along the continental shelf of Chinese coasts and the impacts on Phoenix Island are presented, combined with real-time measurements. The impacts of tsunami source along Manila Trench, Ryukyu Trench, and 21 extreme sources around Pacific on Phoenix Island are discussed. According to characteristics of tsunami wave near the Phoenix Island, the amplification effect of tsunami wave near coastal reef is discussed based on Fouriers analysis. It turns out that relatively moderate tsunami near Chinese coasts and extreme trans-Pacific tsunami will have some impacts on Phoenix Island, which may induce tsunami of maximum amplitude reached 1 m. The travel time ranges from 3 h to 27 h. Due to the impact of southeast peninsula Sanya, tsunami from Ryukyu Trench and trans-Pacific tsunami will generate less amplification effect than Manila Trench due to wave diffraction, whose frequency are in the range of 0.8×10^-4-2×10^-4 Hz. The tsunami from Manila Trench may produce obvious amplification effect, and require more attention.
- tsunami wave /
- coastal reef /
- numerical simulation /
- Phoenix Island /
- amplification effect

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参考文献(27)

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