2011年日本<em>Mw</em> 9.0级地震的GPS响应研究

刘焱雄; 范士杰; 乔方利; 周兴华; 张健

2011年日本Mw 9.0级地震的GPS响应研究

1.
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061;武汉大学测绘学院, 湖北武汉 430079
2.
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061;武汉大学测绘学院, 湖北武汉 430079;中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 266555
3.
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061

基金项目: 国家"863"计划(2009AA12Z127);国家海洋局GNSS业务运行项目。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-08-30
- 修回日期: 2012-04-18

GPS responses to the 2011 Mw 9.0 earthquake in Japan

1.
The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 200061, China;School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
2.
The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 200061, China;School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China
3.
The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 200061, China

摘要

摘要: 2011年3月11日日本宫城县以东太平洋海域发生Mw9.0级特大地震,造成了地表的严重错位并引发海啸。文中利用位于日本及周边国家的IGS站和国家海洋局GPS业务站观测数据,采用作者研制的精密单点定位(PPP)软件UniP,对此次地震的GPS数据响应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)GPS观测数据能清晰、连续地记录震时地表形变的过程,我国CHAN,NCST等站点水平方向的震时最大位移在10 cm以内,高程方向的震时最大位移在15 cm以内,且形变以可恢复性的弹性形变为主。(2)我国距震中较远,受此次日本地震的影响较小,且大部分站点是在东坐标方向出现不同程度的震后永久性位移。其中CHAN站点的震后位移最为明显,东向形变量为(1.8±0.11)cm;NCST、NLHT站点次之,东向形变量分别为(1.1±0.26)cm和(1.0±0.18)cm。(3)地震波传输到国家海洋局GPS业务站NCST、NLHT等的时间约为10 min,比海啸在深海的传播速度快约14倍,可为海啸预警提供所需的时间差。这些结果显示出GPS能够为地震监测和动力学特征研究提供有价值的基础资料,也表明中国沿海GPS业务观测系统在海底地震监测、海啸预警服务中的应用潜力。
- GPS /
- 地震 /
- 精密单点定位 /
- 地表形变 /
- 海啸预警
Abstract: A massive Mw 9.0 earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011, off the Pacific coast of the east of Miyagi, Japan. The earthquake caused severe surface dislocations and launched a tsunami. In this paper, our developed software UniP, based on the precise point positioning mode, is used to extract the co-seismic and post-seismic surface movement information from IGS data and Chinese coastal GPS data.The results show: (1) The co-seismic surface deformation processes are clearly recorded by the GPS kinematic positioning results, and these elastic deformation on CHAN and NCST sites is up to 15 cm. (2) The massive earthquake did not cause obvious permanent position shift of GPS sites in China, because of distant range. The maximum eastward shift on CHAN is(1.8±0.11)cm. (3) The travel time is almost 10 minutes for seismic wave to NCST and NLHT site. The propagation velocity of seismic wave is about 14 times faster than that of tsunami. So the arrival time difference may be enough for the tsunami prediction. These results reveal that GPS technology can provide valuable basic data for earthquake monitoring and dynamic characteristics. It further demonstrates the application potential of Chinese Coastal GPS monitoring system in seaquake monitoring and tsunami warning services.
- Global Positioning System /
- earthquake /
- precise point positioning /
- surface deformation /
- tsunami warning

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