两种热通量边界条件对热带太平洋海温模拟的影响

王璐; 周天军; 刘海龙; 邹立维

两种热通量边界条件对热带太平洋海温模拟的影响

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验验室,北京 100029;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验验室,北京 100029

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(40890054);国家重点基础研究专项经费(2010CB951904)。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1915
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 1340
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-10-18

Comparison of two thermal forcing schemes in a global ocean model over tropical Pacific Ocean

1.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

摘要

摘要: 利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候海洋模式(LICOM),考察了两种热通量边界条件(牛顿冷却型边界条件和总体公式型边界条件)对热带太平洋海温平均态和年际变率模拟效果的影响。结果显示,在两种边界条件下,模式均能较好的再现海温的年平均空间分布特征和季节循环特征。对比分析发现,在牛顿冷却条件下,模拟结果与观测更加接近,这是因为该条件会通过调整净海表热通量使模拟海温向观测的气候态海温逼近。就年际变率而言,牛顿冷却条件下模式模拟的净海表热通量负反馈作用偏强,从而使ENSO模拟偏弱,进而使中东太平洋的异常经向温度平流模拟偏弱,造成海温异常的经向尺度偏窄。负反馈的强度与耦合系数的选取有关。而总体公式条件下模式能够合理地模拟出ENSO相关的热通量负反馈过程,从而能正确的模拟出ENSO振幅以及ENSO空间型。因此,当利用海洋模式对气候平均态海温进行模拟时,两种条件均可采用,但以牛顿冷却条件为佳;而当对海温的年际变率进行模拟时,应该采用总体公式型边界条件。
- 海洋模式 /
- 边界条件 /
- 热带太平洋 /
- 总体公式
Abstract: Both Newton cooling scheme (i.e. prescribed total heat fluxes added with a relaxation term) and bulk formula parameterization scheme are widely used in offline Ocean General Circulation model simulations. These two thermal forcing schemes are compared here in two simulations using LASG/IAP climate ocean model (named LICOM) in terms of the performance over tropical Pacific Ocean. The results indicate that for both the annual mean SST distribution and the annual cycle of SST over tropical pacific, the two schemes show reasonable performance, although the Newton cooling scheme shows even less bias due to its relaxation to observed climatological SST. The El Nio amplitude in the Newton cooling scheme simulation is weaker than that in observation, due to the overestimated negative heat flux feedback which is related with the thermal coupling coefficient. And the suppressed El Nio could further lead to a narrower meridional scale of the SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific. With a reasonable negative heat flux feedback in bulk formula simulation, the model exhibits a more reliable El Nio amplitude and spatial distribution. The study demonstrates that if the simulation aims to get a realistic mean state, the Newton cooling is recommended, but if the simulation focuses on interannual variability of the tropical ocean, the bulk parameterization scheme should be used.
- OGCM /
- thermal forcing /
- tropical pacific /
- bulk formula

HTML全文

参考文献(33)

WEAVER A J, SARACHIK E S. The role of mixed boundary conditions in numerical models of the ocean's climate[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1991, 21(9):1470－1493.

RAHMSTORF S. Comments on "Instability of the thermohaline circulation with respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a problem for realistic models?" [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1996, 26(6):1099-1105.

周天军, 张学洪, 刘海龙. 大洋环流模式的温盐表面边界条件处理及其影响研究评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(002):111-122.

HANEY R L. Surface Thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1971, 1(4):241-248.

LI T, ZHANG Y, LU E, et al. Relative role of dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the development of the Indian Ocean dipole: an OGCM diagnosis[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2002, 29(23):2110.

MARSLAND S, HAAK H, JUNGCLAUS J, et al. The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates[J]. Ocean Modelling, 2003, 5(2):91-127.

MALTRUD M, SMITH R, SEMTNER A, et al. Global eddy-resolving ocean simulations driven by 1985-1995 atmospheric winds[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103(C13):30825.

MEGANN A, NEW A. The Effects of Resolution and Viscosity in an Isopycnic-Coordinate Model of the Equatorial Pacific[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2001, 31(8):1993-2018.

JIN X, ZHANG X, ZHOU T. Fundamental framework and experiments of the third generation of IAP/LASG world ocean general circulation model [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 1999, 16(2):197-215.

刘海龙, 俞永强, 李薇,等. LASG/IAP气候系统海洋模式(LICOM1.0)参考手册[M]//大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)技术报告特刊. 北京: 科学出版社,2004.

LIU Hai-long, ZHANG Xue-hong, LI Wei, et al. An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluation. [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2004, 21(5):675-690.

LARGE W, YEAGER S. Diurnal to Decadal Global Forcing for Ocean and Sea-ice Models: the Data Sets and Flux Climatologies [M]// NCAR Tech. Boulder,Colorado:CGD Division of the National Center of Atmospheric Research,2004.

GRIFFIES S, HARRISON M, PACANOWSKI R, et al. A Technical Guide to MOM4 GFDL Ocean Group Technical Report No. 5, NOAA . Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 2004:339.

SMITH R, GENT P. Reference manual for the parallel ocean program (POP) // Los Alamos Unclassified Report LA-UR-02-2484, 2002.

OBERHUBER J. An Atlas Based on the "COADS"Data Set: The Budgets of Heat, Buoyancy and Turbulent Kinetic Energy at the Surface of the Global Ocean[M]. Hamburg: Max-Planck Institut,1988.

UPPALA S, KLLBERG P, SIMMONS A, et al. The ERA-40 re-analysis[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2005, 131(612):2961-3012.

RAYNER N, PARKER D, HORTON E, et al. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D14):4407.

CARTON J A, CHEPURIN G, CAO X. A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95: Part Ⅱ. Results [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2000, 30(2):311-326.

SCHOPF P S, SUAREZ M J. Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1988, 45(3):549-566.

PHILANDER S. El Nio, La Nia, and the Southern Oscillation[M] .New York:Academic Press, 1990.

STOCKDALE. Ocean modeling for ENSO[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103(C7):14325-14355.

MILLER A J, BARNETT T P, GRAHAM N E. A comparison of some tropical ocean models: Hindcast skill and El Nio evolution [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1993, 23(7):1567-1591.

ZHANG R-H, ZEBIAK S E. An embedding method for improving interannual variability simulations in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system[J]. Journal of Climate, 2004, 17(14):2794-2812.

俞永强, IZAR A D, 张学洪, 等. IAP/LASG海洋环流模式对风应力的响应[J]. 大气科学, 2001, 25(6):721-739.

LI W, LIU H, ZHANG X-H. The respnse of the third generation of IAP/LASG oceanic GCM to different external forcing[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2001, 13(3):107-114.

ZHU J, SUN Z, ZHOU G. A note on the role of meridional wind stress anomalies and heat flux in ENSO simulations[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2007, 24(4):729-738.

BJERKNES. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1969, 97(3):163-172.

NEELIN J D, DIJKSTRA H A. Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology: Part Ⅰ. The dangers of flux correction[J]. Journal of Climate, 1995, 8(5):1325-1342.

WALISER D, BLANKE B, NEELIN J, et al. Shortwave feedbacks and El Nio-Southern Oscillation: Forced ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere experiments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99(C12):25109.

JIN F, KIM S, BEJARANO L. A coupled-stability index for ENSO[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(23):L23708.

GUILYARDI E, BRACONNOT P, JIN F, et al. Atmosphere feedbacks during ENSO in a coupled GCM with a modified atmospheric convection scheme[J]. Journal of Climate, 2009, 22(21):5698-5718.

BATTISTI D S, HIRST A C. Interannual variability in a tropical atmosphere-ocean model: Influence of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1989, 46(12):1687-1712.

ZHANG W, LI J, JIN F. Spatial and temporal features of ENSO meridional scales[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(15):L15605.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 1915
HTML全文浏览量: 6
PDF下载量: 1340
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板