长江供沙量减少对水下三角洲发育影响的初步研究——近期证据分析和未来趋势估计

杨世伦; 朱骏; 赵庆英

长江供沙量减少对水下三角洲发育影响的初步研究——近期证据分析和未来趋势估计

华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室, 上海, 200062

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(40076027);国家重大基础研究发展项目课题资助项目(2002CB412407);上海市重点学科资助项目.

计量
- 文章访问数: 1035
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 1575
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2001-10-24
- 修回日期: 2003-08-12

A preliminary study on the influence of Changjiang River sediment supply on subaqueous delta——Evidences in late 20th century and an expectation for the coming decades

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

摘要

摘要: 根据1951～2000年大通站实测水文资料和长江口地形图,分析了长江入海泥沙量的变化趋势及其对水下三角洲冲淤演变的影响.从20世纪60年代末开始,长江入海泥沙量出现减少趋势,90年代输沙量相对于60年代下降了1/3.流域大量修建水库是导致河流入海泥沙减少的根本原因.在此背景下,长江口门外的水下三角洲淤积速率从1958～1978年时段的55mm/a下降为1978～1998年时段的11mm/a.考虑三峡工程等多种人类活动的可能影响,估计本世纪上半叶和下半叶的河流入海泥沙量将分别减少约60%和40%.尝试建立了三角洲冲淤对河流供沙量响应的概念公式,并据此对本世纪长江三角洲的演变趋势做了初步预测:三角洲的总体淤涨速率将急剧下降,口门外水下三角洲将出现严重侵蚀.
- 河流输沙量 /
- 三角洲 /
- 水坝 /
- 三峡工程 /
- 长江
Abstract: Data of sediment discharge from 1951 to 2000 and bathymetric maps of a major portion to the subaqueous delta surveyed in 1958,1978 and 1998 are utilized to study variation in river sediment supply and morphological response to the subaqueous delta.Since the end of 1960s,sediment discharge at Sta.Datong has shown a significant decreasing trend,one third lower in the 1990s than in the 1960s.The reduction in sediment supply is found to have resulted from dam construction in the drainage.As a response to this reduction,vertical accretion rate of the subaqueous delta front has been decreased from 55 mm/a during 1958~1978 to 11 mm/a during 1978~1998.Meanwhile,severe erosion has occurred on the outer mar gin of the subaqueous delta.It is predicted that river sediment discharge will probably be reduced to 40% and 60% of the present(the average of the past 50 a)respectively in the first half and the second half of this century due to human activities especially the Three Gorges Project.As a result, the total prog radation rate of the delta will be dramatically reduced and local severe erosion may be inevitable.
- river sediment discharge /
- subaqueous delta /
- dam /
- Three Gorges Project /
- Changjiang River

HTML全文

参考文献(27)

POULOS S, PAPADOPOULOS A, COLLINS M B. Deltaic progradation in Thermaikos Bay, northern Greece and its socio-economical implications[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, 1994, 22(3): 229-247.

TRENHAILE A S. Coastal Dynamics and Landforms[M]. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. 365.

CHEN Ji-yu, CHEN Shen-liang. Estuarine and coastal challenges in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 20(2): 174-181.

FANOS A M. The impacts of human activities on the erosion and accretion of the Nile Delta coast[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1995, 11(3): 821-833.

JAY D A, SIMENSTAD C A. Downstream effects of water withdrawal in a small, high-gradient basin: erosion and deposiion on the Skokomish River Delta[J]. Estuaries, 1985, 19(3): 501-517.

钱春林.引滦工程对滦河三角洲的影响[J].地理学报,1994,49(2):158-166.

龚文平,王宝灿.南渡江三角洲北岸的海岸演变及其机制分析[J].海洋学报,1998,20(3):140-148.

周永青,陈宗团.黄河断流与黄河三角洲环境[J].海洋通报,1998,17(5):58-63.

EISMA D. Intertidal Deposits: River Mouths, Tidal Flats and Coastal Lagoons[M]. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press,1998. 459.

程天文,赵楚年.我国沿岸入海河川径流量与输沙量的估算[J].地理学报,1984,39(4):418-427.

MILLIMAN J D, SHEN Huan-ting, YANG Zuo-sheng, et al. Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent continental shelf[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4 (1～2): 37-45.

陈吉余,沈焕庭,恽才兴.引言[Z].陈吉余,沈焕庭,恽才兴.长江河口动力过程和地貌演变[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1988.1-5.

胡敦欣,韩舞鹰,章申.长江、珠江及邻近海域陆海相互作用[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.250.

陈吉余,恽才兴,徐海根,等.两千年来长江河口的发育模式[J].海洋学报,1983,1(1):1-13.

朱鉴远.长江沙量变化和减沙途径探讨[A].刘兴年,曹叔尤.面向21世纪的泥沙研究——第四届全国泥沙基本理论研究学术讨论会论文集[C].成都:四川大学出版社,2000.226-236.

林秉南.三峡工程丛书:工程泥沙[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1992.84.

水利部科技教育司,交通部三峡工程航运领导小组办公室.长江三峡工程泥沙与航运关键技术研究专题报告[R].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1993.

金忠贤.没有滩涂就没有上海[N].城市导报,2001-03-20(2).

吕炳全、孙志国.海洋环境与地质[M].上海:同济大学出版社.1996.224.

WANG R S. The environment and resettlement of TGP (Three Gorges Projector)[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2000, 9(1): 1-13.

熊治平.三峡建库后水沙条件变化及其对下游河道的影响[J].泥沙信息,1996,(1):5-12.

长江科学研究院.三峡水库泥沙冲淤计算分析报告[B].长江三峡工程泥沙与航运关键技术研究报告集[R].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1993.

罗秉征,沈焕庭.三峡工程与河口生态环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.35-58.

沈焕庭,李九发,肖成猷.人类活动对长江河口过程的影响[J].气候与环境过程研究,1997,2(1):48-54.

杨世伦,赵庆英,朱骏.长江口岸滩的近期演变及南水北调工程的可能影响[J].上海地质,2001,(2):7-11.

CHEN Ji-yu, ZHU Hui-fang, DONG Yong-fa, et al. Development of the Chang jiang Estuary and its submerged delta[J].Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4 (1～2): 47-56.

沈焕庭,吴华林、黄清辉.长江河口入海物质通量[A].沈焕庭,等.长江河口物质通量[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.119-153.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计