黄渤海沿岸水域游泳动物群落多样性及其相关因素的研究
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摘要: 根据1980~1985年间沿辽东湾至长江口20m水深以浅双船底拖网取样资料,分析黄渤海沿岸水域游泳动物群落多样性和环境因子间的相关性.研究结果表明,5项环境因子(WT、AT、CA、RF、S)与7项群落多样性指标(S、NED、BED、IWB、Dn、Hb'、Db)时序动态过程,均呈现为单周期型变动规律.相应地,AI和MI在冬季(12~4月)变动幅度最大,群落内物种更替频繁;夏季(7月)MI趋近于零,显示其稳态特征.个体相遇率PIE、Hisher指数α和个体数多样度Hn'为多峰型,生物量均匀度Jb为单、多峰复合型,3、7,11月间处于较低值期,5月和9月取得较大值;个体数均匀度Jn逐月变化无明显周期存在.群落多样性指数IWB和Hb'与环境温度的逐月变化规律在p<0.001水平上呈正相关.在空间范围内,5~11月间的暖季间环境要素如AT、CA、RF和S对PIE、α、Hn'和Dn成弱相关,而BED与多样性指数成负相关;12~4月间的冷季组内多样性指数与生物因素较为密切,综合群落多样性参数与环境因素时、空格局复相关分析,认为制约本区游泳动物群落演替过程的主要因素为物种数、生物量生态密度和环境水温.
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