海草对潮滩沉积作用的影响
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摘要: 本文通过对澳大利亚东南部海岸的库纳湾(Corner Inlet)潮滩环境中的海草带及沙滩的潮流流速、悬移质含量、沉积物组成的野外实际测量和分析,其结果表明海草对于潮滩的沉积作用具有很大的影响。潮滩中的海草足以使其底层的潮流流速减弱40%—60%、悬移质含量减少20%—35%。由于海草具有减缓潮流流速和阻碍底层细粒物质重新悬移的作用,潮滩中海草带的沉积物与其相邻的沙滩的沉积物相比较,前者含有较高的有机物质和细粒物质(淤泥和粉砂)。库纳湾的潮滩环境中,海草带往往出现于潮间带的上部和下部,因而,其潮滩沉积物的分布特征也随之表现出粗(沙滩沉积物)细(海草带沉积物)物质在水平方向上的重复更替。这种潮滩沉积物的分布特征在很大程度上与传统的潮滩沉积物的分布模式不相吻合。显然,这是与海草的存在及其对潮滩沉积作用的影响密切相关的。
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